Linux系统下安装配置 OpenLDAP + phpLDAPadmin

实验环境：

操作系统：Centos 7.4

服务器ip:192.168.3.41

运行用户：root

网络环境：Internet

LDAP（轻量级目录访问协议）是一个能实现提供被称为目录服务的信息服务，也是一套用户认证体系系统；一般在大型企业、学校、政府单位使用的比较多，LDAP是由4部分组成，这4部分分别是slapd(独立LDAP守护进程)、slurpd(独立的LDAP更新复制守护进程)、LDAP协议库、工具软件和示例客户端(phpLDAPadmin)，目录服务是一种特殊的数据库系统，用来存储用户信息的数据库，读写速度非常快，扩展性非常强，可以实现与地方系统直接对接整合起来统一管理用户信息。

LDAP说起来也不简单，但是ALDP在Linux应用范围是比较广泛的，如果想要深入的了解LDAP，建议去看下刘遄老师《Linux就该这么学》这本教程，里面解释的非常详细，也可以在百度输入此书名去官网看，想要在Linux部署还是推荐这本书去系统的学习，对初学者还是很有版本的，这篇文章搭建ldap+phpldapadmin也是在Linux环境下运行的，所以还是需要Linux基础才能看懂下面的配置步骤。

1、安装OpenLDAP

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install openldap-servers openldap-clients -y

[root@centos7 ~]# cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG

[root@centos7 ~]# ll /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 845 Aug 1 10:04 /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG

[root@centos7 ~]# chown ldap. /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG //授权配置文件

[root@centos7 ~]# more /etc/passwd|grep ldap

ldap:x:55:55:OpenLDAP server:/var/lib/ldap:/sbin/nologin

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl start slapd.service //启动slapd服务

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable slapd.service //设置开机自动启动slapd服务

2、设置OpenLDAP管理员密码

[root@centos7 ~]# slappasswd

New password: //password

Re-enter new password:

{SSHA}d5pkA0TU6b+8/kEoMIxJ59QofCLV

为\"olcRootPW\"指定上面生成的密码

[root@centos7 ~]# vim chrootpw.ldif

dn: olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcRootPW

olcRootPW: {SSHA}d5pkA0TU6b+8/kEokgQeMIxJ59QofCLV

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f chrootpw.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

modifying entry \"olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config\"

3、导入基本模式

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

adding new entry \"cn=cosine,cn=schema,cn=config\"

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/nis.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

adding new entry \"cn=nis,cn=schema,cn=config\"

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

adding new entry \"cn=inetorgperson,cn=schema,cn=config\"

4、在LDAP DB上设置域名，生成目录管理器密码

[root@centos7 ~]# slappasswd

New password:

Re-enter new password:

{SSHA}Oq61fgUFW9+ItZboTaW1+VbLuAYst7zw

注意：下面配置文件这里得注意每一个属性： 后必须有空格，但是值的后面不能有任何空格

[root@centos7 ~]# vim chdomain.ldif

# replace to your own domain name for \"dc=***,dc=***\" section

# specify the password generated above for \"olcRootPW\" section

dn: olcDatabase={1}monitor,cn=config

changetype: modify

replace: olcAccess

olcAccess: {0}to * by dn.base=\"gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth\"

read by dn.base=\"cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world\" read by * none

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config

changetype: modify

replace: olcSuffix

olcSuffix: dc=srv,dc=world

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config

changetype: modify

replace: olcRootDN

olcRootDN: cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcRootPW

olcRootPW: {SSHA}Oq61fgUFW9+ItZboTaW1+VbLuAYst7zw

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcAccess

olcAccess: {0}to attrs=userPassword,shadowLastChange by

dn=\"cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world\" write by anonymous auth by self write by * none

olcAccess: {1}to dn.base=\"\" by * read

olcAccess: {2}to * by dn=\"cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world\" write by * read

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f chdomain.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

modifying entry \"olcDatabase={1}monitor,cn=config\"

modifying entry \"olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config\"

modifying entry \"olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config\"

modifying entry \"olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config\"

modifying entry \"olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config\"

[root@centos7 ~]# vim basedomain.ldif

# replace to your own domain name for \"dc=***,dc=***\" section

dn: dc=srv,dc=world

objectClass: top

objectClass: dcObject

objectclass: organization

o: Server World

dc: Srv

dn: cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world

objectClass: organizationalRole

cn: Manager

description: Directory Manager

dn: ou=People,dc=srv,dc=world

objectClass: organizationalUnit

ou: People

dn: ou=Group,dc=srv,dc=world

objectClass: organizationalUnit

ou: Group

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapadd -x -D \"cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world\" -W -f basedomain.ldif

Enter LDAP Password: //输入上面设置的目录管理器密码 password

adding new entry \"dc=srv,dc=world\"

adding new entry \"cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world\"

adding new entry \"ou=People,dc=srv,dc=world\"

adding new entry \"ou=Group,dc=srv,dc=world\"

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapsearch -x -b \"cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world\"

# extended LDIF

#

# LDAPv3

# base with scope subtree

# filter: (objectclass=*)

# requesting: ALL

#

# Manager, srv.world

dn: cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world

objectClass: organizationalRole

cn: Manager

description: Directory Manager

# search result

search: 2

result: 0 Success

# numResponses: 2

# numEntries: 1

5、设置Firewalld，如果未启用防火墙关闭，忽略

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=ldap --permanent

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

6、安装并配置Apache

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install httpd-devel.x86_64 httpd.x86_64 -y

[root@centos7 ~]# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.bak

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

# line 86: change to admin\'s email address

ServerAdmin root@srv.world

# line 95: change to your server\'s name

ServerName www.srv.world:80

# line 151: change

AllowOverride All

# line 164: add file name that it can access only with directory\'s name

DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.php

# add follows to the end //在尾部新增

# server\'s response header

ServerTokens Prod

# keepalive is ON

KeepAlive On

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl start httpd.service

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable httpd.service

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent //防火墙排除httpd服务，如果没有启用防火墙，此步骤可以忽略。

success

[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload //重新加载firewall

success

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html //测试apache服务

测试：
http://192.168.3.41/index.html

7、安装PHP

[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install php php-mbstring php-pear

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/php.ini

#修改时区 878行

date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.php

php打印日期

测试：
http://192.168.3.41/index.php

可以不安装phpLDAPadmin工具，直接下载Windows系统下的LdapAdmin应用程序

8、安装phpLDAPadmin

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install phpldapadmin.noarch -y

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php

397 $servers->setValue(\'login\',\'attr\',\'dn\'); #取消397行注释

398 //$servers->setValue(\'login\',\'attr\',\'uid\'); #注释398

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpldapadmin.conf

#

# Web-based tool for managing LDAP servers

#

Alias /phpldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

Alias /ldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

# Apache 2.4

#只允许本地请求访问

# Require local

#允许所有的请求访问

Require all granted

#允许IP段访问

#Require ip 10.0.0.0/24

# Apache 2.2

Order Deny,Allow

Deny from all

Allow from 127.0.0.1

Allow from ::1

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status httpd.service

测试：
http://192.168.3.41/ldapadmin/

如果是按照上面配置执行的操作，登录一直提示失败，需要执行

[root@centos7 ~]# setsebool -P httpd_can_connect_ldap on

cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world

9、基本操作和使用

9.1、添加组

9.2、添加用户

9.3、phpldapadmin的网站的apache配置文件

# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpldapadmin.conf

#

# Web-based tool for managing LDAP servers

#

Alias /phpldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

Alias /ldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

#注意：
/usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs 是phpldapadmin根目录

# Apache 2.4

#只允许本地请求访问

# Require local

#允许所有的请求访问

Require all granted

#允许IP段访问

#Require ip 192.168.3.0/24

# Apache 2.2

Order Deny,Allow

Deny from all

Allow from 127.0.0.1

Allow from ::1

这里可以直接访问phpldapadmin后台，最好是通过apache做密码验证才能登录，这样比较安全。

参考文献：httpd配置认证才能访问网站（原创实践操作）.note

10、禁止匿名用户登录

# vim /root/ldap_disable_bind_anon.ldif

angetype: modify

add: olcDisallows

olcDisallows: bind_anon

dn: cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcRequires

olcRequires: authc

dn: olcDatabase={-1}frontend,cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcRequires

olcRequires: authc

[root@centos7 ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f ldap_disable_bind_anon.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

modifying entry \"cn=config\"

modifying entry \"olcDatabase={-1}frontend,cn=config\"

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart slapd.service